American Lung Association American Lung Association State of the Air 2006--Protect the Air You Breathe
American Lung Association State of the Air 2006

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Introduction

National and Regional Analyses

Tables:
Populations at Risk in the US
People at Risk in the 25 Most Polluted US Cities
People at Risk in the 25 Most Polluted Counties
Populations at Risk in the Most Polluted Counties in Each State
Cleanest Cities in the US
Cleanest Counties in the US

Health Effects of Ozone and Particle Pollution
Particle Pollution
Ozone Pollution
Focusing on Children's Health

Protecting the Nation From Air Pollution
The Clean Air Act: Public Health at Risk
Loopholes for Industrial Pollution

The Clean Air Act Works

Conclusion

State Tables

Appendix A: Description of Methodology

National and Regional Analyses cont'd

Regional Analyses

Region 9: Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada

These western states vary greatly in air pollution issues. Although California has led the nation in efforts to reduce air pollution over the past three decades, it remains the state with the most serious pollution problems. By contrast, Hawaii continues to rank as one of the states with the least ozone and particle pollution.

Arizona
Arizona’s air pollution problems occur in Maricopa County, home to Phoenix, which recorded fewer unhealthful days for ozone and particle pollution in 2002-2004. By contrast, Flagstaff ranked on the list of the cleanest cities for ozone pollution and short-term particle pollution, while Coconino County was listed as one of the cleanest counties for ozone pollution. Tucson also made the list of the cleanest cities for short-term and year-round particle pollution, ranking 5th on the latter list. Pima County ranked 18th on the list of cleanest counties for year-round particle exposure.

California
California cities and counties continue to dominate the list of places with the highest number of days with high air pollution. Los  Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside continues to sit atop two of the lists of most polluted cities and its counties, while Bakersfield moved into the spot of the most ozone-polluted city in the nation. Kern County moved to the top of the list of most polluted counties for ozone, but Riverside remained atop both particle pollution lists. Eight other metropolitan areas in California made the list of the worst cities for short-term particle pollution: Bakersfield at 2nd; Fresno-Madera at 3rd; Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV at 8th; Visalia-Porterville at 11th; Hanford-Corcoran at 13th; San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos at 14th; Modesto at 18th; San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland tied for 20th; and Merced at 23rd. Most of these same cities rank highest in year-round particle pollution as well: Bakersfield at 2nd; Visalia-Porterville at 4th; Fresno-Madera at 5th; and Merced tied at 18th.

On the list of most ozone-polluted cities, seven California cities follow Bakersfield for the first time at the top: Los Angeles ranked at 2nd; Visalia-Porterville at 3rd; Fresno-Madera at 4th; Merced at 5th; Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV at 7th; Hanford-Corcoran at 11th; and Modesto at 13th.

On the list of most polluted counties, California has 12 on the list of the worst for short-term particle pollution. Riverside County tops the list as the most polluted, followed by Kern County at 2nd; Fresno at 3rd; Los Angeles at 4th; San Bernardino at 7th; Orange at 9th; Sacramento at 12th; Tulare at 15th; Kings at 17th; San Diego at 18th; Stanislaus at 23rd; and Contra Costa at 25th. Nine counties are on the list of most polluted year-round by particles: Riverside in 1st place; San Bernardino, 2nd; Los Angeles, 3rd; Kern, 4th; Tulare, 6th; Fresno, 7th; Kings, 9th; Orange, 10th; and Merced, tied for 22nd. California also had good news about air quality as well. Two counties ranked on the list of the 25 cleanest counties yearround for particle pollution: Lake tied for 9th and Inyo ranked 17th.

Some of the same counties rank among the worst for ozone pollution as well, led by Kern County, which had more unhealthful days in 2002-2004 than it had in 2001-2003. Following Kern are these 14 counties: San Bernardino County, 2nd; Riverside, 3rd; Tulare, 4th; Los Angeles, 5th; Fresno, 6th; Merced, 7th; El Dorado, 9th, Sacramento, 10th, Nevada, 12th; Ventura, 13th; Mariposa, 14th; Kings, 18th; Placer, 19th; and Stanislaus, 22nd. Good news: Thirteen California counties placed on the list of cleanest counties in the nation for ozone: Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, Plumas, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, Siskiyou and Sonoma.

Six counties in California had fewer high ozone days and improved their grades. Several counties improved their short-term particle pollution grades by recording fewer unhealthful days. Three counties—Alameda, Imperial and Plumas—improved from an F to a D. In addition, Salinas ranked as part of a select group of the cleanest cities in the nation for all three categories of pollutants. Redding, Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta and San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles joined the cleanest cities lists for shortterm and year-round particle exposure, ranking 24th and 25th on the latter.

Hawaii
By contrast to California, Hawaii records almost no days of unhealthy levels of ozone pollution. There are a few days each year with unhealthy levels of particle pollution in Honolulu County, due to the annual fireworks display at the New Year celebration. Despite that, Honolulu County ranked 11th cleanest county for yearround levels of particle pollution. Maui County ranked as the 5th cleanest for yearround particle pollution. Honolulu County and Hawaii County are also two of the cleanest for ozone pollution. The City of Honolulu remains on the list of cleanest cities for both ozone and year-round levels of particle pollution.

Nevada
Clark County in Nevada records that state’s highest numbers of unhealthful ozone and particle pollution days. Reno-Sparks ranked as the 21st cleanest city for yearround levels of particle pollution and on the list of cleanest cities for short-term particle exposure. Douglas County and White Pine County made the list of cleanest for ozone.

Region 10: Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington

Particle pollution is the primary air pollution problem in the northwest states.

Alaska
Alaska has one county, Anchorage, that ranked 22nd on the list of cleanest counties for year-round particle pollution. Yukon-Koyukuk County ranked on the list of the cleanest counties for ozone air pollution. The City of Anchorage ranked 6th on the list of cleanest cities for year-round particle pollution. Fairbanks-North Star County had more unhealthful levels of particles in 2002-2004, raising its grade from a D to an F, likely due to the forest fires of the summer of 2004.

Idaho
One city, Lewiston, ID-WA, earned a spot on the list of cleanest cities for shortterm particle pollution. Ada County showed the most improvement of any county in the state, with fewer days for short-term exposure to particle pollution, improving its grade to C from an F in the 2005 report. Idaho had six counties listed among the cleanest counties in the nation for short-term exposure to particle pollution. Three counties—Butte, Canyon and Elmore—ranked among the cleanest for ozone.

Oregon
Oregon generally has some of the cleanest air in the nation, but winter peaks of wood smoke in the mountains continually are its biggest air pollution problem. The highest particle pollution levels for 2002-2004 were recorded in the mountainous areas in Lane County where the high levels are largely from winter wood smoke from fireplaces and wood stoves. Lane County, which includes Eugene, was the reason that metropolitan area, Eugene-Springfield ranked 7th worst city for particle pollution in the nation. By contrast, Eugene-Springfield, ranked among the cleanest cities in the nation for ozone pollution. Lane County itself ranked 10th, followed by Klamath County at 11th on the list of worst counties for short-term particle pollution. Although Lane County significantly reduced the number of days it experienced unhealthful particle pollution, Klamath County experienced slightly more.

Oregon’s Columbia County ranks as the 23rd cleanest county in the nation for year-round levels of particle pollution; Columbia, Deschutes, Linn and Wasco counties all made the list of cleanest counties for short-term particle pollution. The Albany-Corvallis-Lebanon metropolitan area is one of the nation’s cleanest cities for particle pollution, ranking 18th for year round, as well as earning a spot on the list of cleanest cities for short-term exposure. Bend-Prineville also earned a spot among the cleanest cities for short-term particle exposure. In addition to Eugene-Springfield, Salem and Medford landed on the list of cleanest cities for ozone pollution. Oregon suffered a large wildfire in the southern part of the state in 2002 that raised particle levels in nearby counties, including Jackson and Klamath.

Washington
Bellingham emerged as one of the cleanest cities in the nation, landing on two lists of clean cities, including among the cleanest for short-term levels of particles and for ozone. Spokane and Mount Vernon-Anacortes also landed on the list of cleanest cities for ozone.

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